Page web de Yann Strozecki

Cloud-RAN is a recent architecture for mobile networks where the processing units are located in distant data centers while, until now, they were attached to antennas. The main challenge, to fulfill protocol constraints, is to guarantee low latency for the periodic messages sent from each antenna to its processing unit and back. The problem we address is to find a periodic sending scheme of these messages without contention nor buffering, when all messages are of the same size and the period is fixed. We study the periodic message assignment problem modeling this situation on a common topology, where contention arises from a single link shared by all antennas. The problem is reminiscent of coupled-task scheduling, but the periodicity introduces a new twist. We study how the problem behaves with regard to the load of the shared link. The main contributions are polynomial-time algorithms which always find a solution for an arbitrary size of messages and load at most 2/5 or for messages of size one and load at most ϕ−1, the golden ratio conjugate. We also prove that a randomized greedy algorithm finds a solution on almost all instances with high probability, explaining why most greedy algorithms work so well in practice.

  @article{guiraud2024scheduling,
  title={Scheduling periodic messages on a shared link without buffering},
  author={Guiraud, Ma{\"e}l and Strozecki, Yann},
  journal={Journal of Scheduling},
  pages={1--24},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Springer}
}

In this paper, we introduce the technique of geometric amortization for enumeration algorithms. This technique can be used to make the delay of enumeration algorithms more regular without much overhead on the space it uses. More precisely, we are interested in enumeration algorithms having incremental linear delay, that is, algorithms enumerating a set A of size K such that for every t≤K, it outputs at least t solutions in time O(tp), where p is the incremental delay of the algorithm. While it is folklore that one can transform such an algorithm into an algorithm with delay O(p), the naive transformation may blow the space exponentially. We show that, using geometric amortization, such an algorithm can be transformed into an algorithm with delay O(plogK) and O(slogK) space, where s is the space used by the original algorithm. We apply geometric amortization to show that one can trade the delay of flashlight search algorithms for their average delay modulo a factor of O(logK). We illustrate how this tradeoff may be advantageous for the enumeration of solutions of DNF formulas.

@inproceedings{capelli2023geometric,
  title={Geometric Amortization of Enumeration Algorithms},
  author={Capelli, Florent and Strozecki, Yann},
  booktitle={40th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science},
  year={2023}
}

We present a generic strategy iteration algorithm (GSIA) to find an optimal strategy of a simple stochastic game (SSG). We prove the correctness of GSIA, and derive a general complexity bound, which implies and improves on the results of several articles. First, we remove the assumption that the SSG is stopping, which is usually obtained by a polynomial blowup of the game. Second, we prove a tight bound on the denominator of the values associated to a strategy, and use it to prove that all strategy iteration algorithms are in fact fixed parameter tractable in the number of random vertices. All known strategy iteration algorithms can be seen as instances of GSIA, which allows to analyze the complexity of converge from below by Condon and to propose a class of algorithms generalising Gimbert and Horn's algorithm. These algorithms require less than r! iterations in general and less iterations than the current best deterministic algorithm for binary SSGs given by Ibsen-Jensen and Miltersen.

@article{auger2021generic,
  title={A Generic Strategy Iteration Method for Simple Stochastic Games},
  author={Auger, David and de Montjoye, X Badin and Strozecki, Yann},
  journal={Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science},
  year={2021}
}

We present a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm which computes the multilinear factors of multivariate lacunary polynomials over number fields. It is based on a new Gap theorem which allows to test whether P(X)=∑kj=1ajXαj(vX+t)βj(uX+w)γj is identically zero in polynomial time. Previous algorithms for this task were based on Gap Theorems expressed in terms of the height of the coefficients. Our Gap Theorem is based on the valuation of the polynomial and is valid for any field of characteristic zero. As a consequence we obtain a faster and more elementary algorithm. Furthermore, we can partially extend the algorithm to other situations, such as absolute and approximate factorizations. We also give a version of our Gap Theorem valid for fields of large characteristic, and deduce a randomized polynomial-time algorithm to compute multilinear factors with at least three monomials of multivariate lacunary polynomials of finite fields of large characteristic. We provide 𝖭𝖯-hardness results to explain our inability to compute binomial factors.

@article{chattopadhyay2021computing,
  title={Computing the multilinear factors of lacunary polynomials without heights},
  author={Chattopadhyay, Arkadev and Grenet, Bruno and Koiran, Pascal and Portier, Natacha and Strozecki, Yann},
  journal={Journal of Symbolic Computation},
  volume={104},
  pages={183--206},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

In this article, we study the problem of enumerating the models of DNF formulas. The aim is to provide enumeration algorithms with a delay that depends polynomially on the size of each model and not on the size of the formula, which can be exponentially larger. We succeed for two subclasses of DNF formulas: we provide a constant delay algorithm for k-DNF with fixed k by an appropriate amortization method and we give a quadratic delay algorithm for monotone formulas. We then focus on the \emph{average delay} of enumeration algorithms and show how to obtain a sublinear delay in the formula size.

  @article{capelli2021enumerating,
  title={Enumerating models of DNF faster: breaking the dependency on the formula size},
  author={Capelli, Florent and Strozecki, Yann},
  journal={Discrete Applied Mathematics},
  volume={303},
  pages={203--215},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

An enumeration problem is the task of listing a set of elements without redundancies, usually the solutions of some combinatorial problem. The enumeration of cycles in a graph appeared already 50 years ago [96], while fundamental complexity notions for enumeration have been proposed 30 years ago by Johnson, Yannakakis and Papadimitriou [65]. Nowadays several research communities are working on enumeration from di↵erent point of views: graph algorithms, parametrized complexity, exact exponential algorithms, logic, database, enumerative combinatorics, applied algorithms to bioinformatics, cheminformatics, networks... In the last ten years, the topic has attracted more attention and these different communities began to share their ideas and problems, as exemplified by two recent Dagstuhl workshops “Algorithmic Enumeration: Output-sensitive, Input-Sensitive, Parameterized, Approximative” and “Enumeration in Data Management” or the creation of Wikipedia pages for enumeration complexity and algorithms. In this column, we focus on the structural complexity of enumeration, trying to capture different notions of tractability. The beautiful algorithmic methods used to solve enumeration problems are only briefly mentioned when relevant and would require another column. Much of what is presented here is inspired by several PhD theses and articles [94, 17, 78, 77], in particular a good part of this text is borrowed from [21, 20].

The N-GREEN project has for goal to design a low cost optical ring technology with good performances (throughput, latency...) without using expensive end-to-end connections. We study the compatibility of such a technology with the development of the Cloud RAN, a latency critical application which is a major aspect of 5G deployment. We show that deterministically managing Cloud RAN traffic minimizes its latency while also improving the latency of the other traffics.

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ondm/BarthGS19,
  author    = {Dominique Barth and
               Ma{\"{e}}l Guiraud and
               Yann Strozecki},
  title     = {Deterministic Contention Management for Low Latency Cloud {RAN} over
               an Optical Ring},
  booktitle = {Optical Network Design and Modeling - 23rd {IFIP} {WG} 6.10 International
               Conference, {ONDM} 2019, Athens, Greece, May 13-16, 2019, Proceedings},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {11616},
  pages     = {479--491},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2019},
}

In this paper we address the problem of generating all elements obtained by the saturation of an initial set by some operations. More precisely, we prove that we can generate the closure of a boolean relation (a set of boolean vectors) by polymorphisms with a polynomial delay. Therefore we can compute with polynomial delay the closure of a family of sets by any set of "set operations": union, intersection, symmetric difference, subsets, supersets …). To do so, we study the MembershipF problem: for a set of operations F, decide whether an element belongs to the closure by F of a family of elements. In the boolean case, we prove that MembershipF is in P for any set of boolean operations F. When the input vectors are over a domain larger than two elements, we prove that the generic enumeration method fails, since MembershipF is NP-hard for some F. We also study the problem of generating minimal or maximal elements of closures and prove that some of them are related to well known enumeration problems such as the enumeration of the circuits of a matroid or the enumeration of maximal independent sets of a hypergraph. This article improves on previous works of the same authors.

@article{MaryS19,
	author    = {Arnaud Mary and Yann Strozecki},
    title     = {Efficient enumeration of solutions produced by closure operations},
    journal   = {Discrete Mathematics {\&} Theoretical Computer Science},
    volume    = {21},
    number    = {3},
    year      = {2019},
}

The best algorithm so far for solving Simple Stochastic Games is Ludwig's randomized algorithm which works in expected 2^O(\sqrt(n) time. We first give a simpler iterative variant of this algorithm, using Bland's rule from the simplex algorithm, which uses exponentially less random bits than Ludwig's version. Then, we show how to adapt this method to the algorithm of Gimbert and Horn whose worst case complexity is O(k!), where k is the number of random nodes. Our algorithm has an expected running time of 2^O(k), and works for general random nodes with arbitrary outdegree and probability distribution on outgoing arcs.

@article{auger2019solving,
	author    = {David Auger and Pierre Coucheney and Yann Strozecki},
  title     = {Solving Simple Stochastic Games with Few Random Nodes Faster Using
               Bland's Rule},
  booktitle = {36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science,
               {STACS} 2019, March 13-16, 2019, Berlin, Germany},
  series    = {LIPIcs},
  volume    = {126},
  pages     = {9:1--9:16},
  year      = {2019},
}

We investigate the relationship between several enumeration complexity classes and focus in particular on problems having enumeration algorithms with incremental and polynomial delay (IncP and DelayP respectively). We show that, for some algorithms, we can turn an average delay into a worst case delay without increasing the space complexity, suggesting that IncP1 = DelayP even with polynomially bounded space. We use the Exponential Time Hypothesis to exhibit a strict hierarchy inside IncP which gives the first separation of DelayP and IncP. Finally we relate the uniform generation of solutions to probabilistic enumeration algorithms with polynomial delay and polynomial space.

@article{capelli2018incremental,
	author    = {Florent Capelli and
               Yann Strozecki},
    title     = {Incremental delay enumeration: Space and time},
    journal   = {Discret. Appl. Math.},
    volume    = {268},
    pages     = {179--190},
    year      = {2019},

ABSTRACT="A recent trend in mobile networks is to centralize in distant data-centers the processing units which were attached to antennas until now. The main challenge is to guarantee that the latency of the periodic messages sent from the antennas to their processing units and back, fulfills protocol time constraints. We show that traditional statistical multiplexing does not allow such a low latency, due to collisions and buffering at nodes. Hence, we propose in this article to use a deterministic scheme for sending periodic messages without collisions in the network thus saving the latency incurred by buffering. We give several algorithms to compute such schemes for a common topology where one link is shared by all antennas. We show that there is always a solution when the routes are short or the load is small. When the parameters are unconstrained, and some buffering is allowed in the processing units, we propose an algorithm (PMLS) adapted from a classical scheduling method. The experimental results show that even under full load, most of the time PMLS finds a deterministic sending scheme with no latency."

@INPROCEEDINGS{Guir1806:Deterministic,
AUTHOR="Dominique Barth and Maël Guiraud and Brice Leclerc and Olivier Marce and
Yann Strozecki",
TITLE="Deterministic Scheduling of Periodic Messages for Cloud {RAN}",
BOOKTITLE="2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT) (ICT 2018)",
ADDRESS="Saint Malo, France",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2018}

@inproceedings{mary2016efficient,
title={Efficient Enumeration of Solutions Produced by Closure Operations},
author={Mary, Arnaud and Strozecki, Yann},
booktitle={33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science},
year={2016}
}

In this paper we describe an algorithm which generates all colored planar maps with a good minimum sparsity from simple motifs and rules to connect them. An implementation of this algorithm is available and is used by chemists who want to quickly generate all sound molecules they can obtain by mixing some basic components.

@inproceedings{barth2015efficient,
title={Efficient Generation of Stable Planar Cages for Chemistry},
author={Barth, Dominique and David, Olivier and Quessette, Franck and Reinhard, Vincent and Strozecki, Yann and Vial, Sandrine},
booktitle={International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms},
pages={235--246},
year={2015},
organization={Springer International Publishing}
}

The optimal value computation for turned-based stochastic games with reachability objectives, also known as simple stochastic games, is one of the few problems in NP and coNP which are not known to be in P. However, there are some cases where these games can be easily solved, as for instance when the underlying graph is acyclic. In this work, we try to extend this tractability to several classes of games that can be thought as "almost" acyclic. We give some fixed-parameter tractable or polynomial algorithms in terms of different parameters such as the number of cycles or the size of the minimal feedback vertex set.

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/tamc/AugerCS14,
 author    = {David Auger and Pierre Coucheney and Yann Strozecki},
 title     = {Finding Optimal Strategies of Almost Acyclic Simple Stochastic Games},
 booktitle = {TAMC},
 year      = {2014},
 pages     = {67-85},
}

The lacunary, or superpsarse, representation of a multivariate polynomial P is a list of pairs (c,e) where c is a coefficient of P and e is a vector of exponent. Each pair defines a term of the polynomial, and P equals the sum of all these terms. The factorization of lacunary polynomial has been investigated in a series of papers by Cucker, Koiran and Smale (J. Symb. Comput., 1999), Lenstra (Number Theory in Progress, 1999), and Kaltofen and Koiran (ISSAC 2005 & 2006). In this paper, we are interested in more elementary proofs for some of these results. We focus on Kaltofen and Koiran's results dealing with linear factors of bivariate lacunary polynomials. In particular, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to find linear factors of bivariate polynomials that is not based on heights of algebraic numbers. This simplification allows us to give a similar result for some fields of positive characteristic. Our main technical result is an upper bound on the valuation of polynomials of the form P(X,1+X) where P is a bivariate lacunary polynomial, and can be viewed as a generalization of a result of Hajós.

@inproceedings{chattopadhyay2013factoring,
 title={Factoring bivariate lacunary polynomials without heights},
 author={Chattopadhyay, Arkadev and Grenet, Bruno and Koiran, Pascal and Portier, Natacha and Strozecki, Yann},
 booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th international symposium on International symposium on symbolic and algebraic computation},
 pages={141--148},
 year={2013},
 organization={ACM}
}

We study the problem of generating the monomials of a black box polynomial in the context of enumeration complexity. We present three new randomized algorithms for restricted classes of polynomials with a polyno- mial or incremental delay, and the same global running time as the classical ones. We introduce TotalBPP, IncBPP and DelayBPP, which are prob- abilistic counterparts of the most common classes for enumeration problems. Our interpolation algorithms are applied to algebraic representations of sev- eral combinatorial enumeration problems, which are so proved to belong to the introduced complexity classes. In particular, the spanning hypertrees of a 3-uniform hypergraph can be enumerated with a polynomial delay. Finally, we study polynomials given by circuits and prove that we can derandomize the interpolation algorithms on classes of bounded-depth circuits. We also prove the hardness of some problems on polynomials of low degree and small circuit complexity, which suggests that our good interpolation algorithm for multi- linear polynomials cannot be generalized to degree 2 polynomials.

@article{strozecki2013,
 author	   = {Yann Strozecki},
 title     = {On Enumerating Monomials and Other Combinatorial Structures
               by Polynomial Interpolation},
 journal   = {Theory Comput. Syst.},
 volume    = {53},
 number    = {4},
 year      = {2013},
 pages     = {532-568},
}

We study enumeration problems with probabilistic methods and apply them to verification problems. We consider the enumeration of monomials of a polynomial given as a black box, and the enumeration of discrete points which separate two polytopes in a space of dimension n, using a random walk which provides witnesses if the volume of the difference of the polytopes is large enough. We apply the first method to enumerate words which distinguish two probabilistic automata with n states and m transitions in time O(n.m). We apply the second method to enumerate words which epsilon-distinguish two nondeterministic finite au- tomata using an embedding in a vector space of dimension p, in time polynomial in p. We also enumerate strate- gies which epsilon-distinguish two Markov Decision Processes in time polynomial in the dimension of their statistical representation.


@article{peyronnet2012approximate,
 title={Approximate verification and enumeration problems},
 author={Peyronnet, S. and De Rougemont, M. and Strozecki, Y.},
 journal={Theoretical Aspects of Computing--ICTAC 2012},
 pages={228--242},
 year={2012},
 publisher={Springer}
}

Since their introduction in denoising, the family of non-local methods, whose Non-Local Means (NL-Means) is the most famous member, has proved its ability to challenge other powerful methods such as wavelet based approaches, or variational techniques. Though simple to implement and efficient in practice, the classical NL-Means algorithm suffers from several limitations: ringing artifacts are created around edges and regions with few repetitions in the image are not treated at all. In this paper, we present an easy to implement and time efficient modification of the NL-means based on a better reprojection from the patches space to the original pixel space, specially designed to reduce those artifacts. We illustrate the performance of our new method on a toy example and on some classical natural images.

Polynomial identity testing and arithmetic circuit lower bounds are two central questions in algebraic complexity theory. It is an intriguing fact that these questions are actually related. One of the authors of the present paper has recently proposed a "real {\tau}-conjecture" which is inspired by this connection. The real {\tau}-conjecture states that the number of real roots of a sum of products of sparse univariate polynomials should be polynomially bounded. It implies a superpolynomial lower bound on the size of arithmetic circuits computing the permanent polynomial. In this paper we show that the real {\tau}-conjecture holds true for a restricted class of sums of products of sparse polynomials. This result yields lower bounds for a restricted class of depth-4 circuits: we show that polynomial size circuits from this class cannot compute the permanent, and we also give a deterministic polynomial identity testing algorithm for the same class of circuits.

@inproceedings{GKPS11,
  author    = {Bruno Grenet and
               Pascal Koiran and
               Natacha Portier and
               Yann Strozecki},
  title     = {The Limited Power of Powering: Polynomial Identity Testing
               and a Depth-four Lower Bound for the Permanent},
  booktitle = {FSTTCS},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {127-139},
 }

We consider query problems defined by first order formulas of the form $\Phi(\tu x,\tu T)$ with free first order and second order variables and study the data complexity of enumerating results of such queries. By considering the number of alternations in the quantifier prefixes of formulas, we show that such query problems either admit a constant delay or a polynomial delay enumeration algorithm or are hard to enumerate. We also exhibit syntactically defined fragments inside the hard cases that still admit good enumeration algorithms and discuss the case of some restricted classes of database structures as inputs.

@inproceedings{durand2011,
  author    = {Arnaud Durand and
               Yann Strozecki},
  title     = {Enumeration Complexity of Logical Query Problems with Second-order
               Variables},
  booktitle = {CSL},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {189-202},
  }

A notion of branch-width, which generalizes the one known for graphs, can be defined for matroids. We first give a proof of the polynomial time model-checking of monadic second-order formulas on representable matroids of bounded branch-width, by reduction to monadic second-order formulas on trees. This proof is much simpler than the one previously known. We also provide a link between our logical approach and a grammar that allows to build matroids of bounded branch-width. Finally, we introduce a new class of non-necessarily representable matroids, described by a grammar and on which monadic second-order formulas can be checked in linear time.

@article{strozecki2011monadic,
  author    = {Yann Strozecki},
  title     = {Monadic second-order model-checking on decomposable matroids},
  journal   = {Discrete Applied Mathematics},
  volume    = {159},
  number    = {10},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {1022-1039},
  }

We investigate the computational complexity of two decision problems concerning the existence of certain acyclic subhypergraphs of a given hypergraph, namely the \textsc{Spanning Acyclic Subhypergraph} problem and the \textsc{Maximal Acyclic Subhypergraph} problem. The former is about the existence of an acyclic subhypergraph such that each vertex of the input hypergraph is contained in at least one hyperedge of the subhypergraph. The latter is about the existence of an acyclic subhypergraph with $k$ hyperedges where $k$ is part of the input. For each of these problems, we consider different notions of acyclicity of hypergraphs: Berge-acyclicity, $\gamma$-acyclicity, $\beta$-acyclicity and $\alpha$-acyclicity. We are also concerned with the size of the hyperedges of the input hypergraph. Depending on these two parameters (notion of acyclicity and size of the hyperedges), we try to determine which instances of the two problems are in \textsf{P} $\cap$ \textsf{RNC} and which are \textsf{NP}-complete.

@article{duris2011complexity,
 title={The complexity of acyclic subhypergraph problems},
 author={Duris, D. and Strozecki, Y.},
 journal={WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation},
 pages={45--56},
 year={2011},
 publisher={Springer}
}

Since their introduction in denoising, the family of non local methods, whose Non-Local Means (NL-Means) is the most famous member, has proved its ability to challenge other powerful methods such as wavelet based approaches or variational techniques. Though simple to implement and efficient in practice, the classical NL-Means suffers from ringing artifacts around edges. In this paper, we present an easy to implement and time efficient modification of the NL-means based on a better reprojection from the patches space to the original (image) pixel space. We illustrate the performance of our method on a toy example and on some classical images.

@InProceedings{ Salmon_Strozecki10,
 AUTHOR = "J. Salmon and Y. Strozecki",
 TITLE = "From Patches to Pixels in Non-Local methods: {Weighted-Average} Reprojection",
 BOOKTITLE = "ICIP",
 pages     = {1929-1932},
 YEAR = "2010"
}

We study the problem of generating monomials of a polynomial in the context of enumeration complexity. We present two new algorithms for restricted classes of polynomials, which have a good delay between two generated monomials and the same global running time as the classical ones. Moreover they are simple to describe, use small evaluation points and one of them is parallelizable. We introduce $\TotalPP$, $\incremPP$ and $\DelayPP$, which are probabilistic counterparts of the most common classes for enumeration problems, hoping that randomization will be a tool as strong for enumeration as it is for decision. Our interpolation algorithms prove that a few interesting problems are in these classes like the enumeration of the spanning hypertrees of a $3$-uniform hypergraph. Finally we give a method to interpolate degree $2$ polynomials with an acceptable (incremental) delay. We also prove that finding a specified monomial in a degree $2$ polynomial is hard unless $\mathrm{RP} = \NP$. It suggests that there is no algorithm with a delay as good (polynomial) as the one we achieve for multilinear polynomials.


@article{strozecki2010,
 title={{Enumeration of the monomials of a polynomial and related complexity classes}},
 author={Strozecki, Y.},
 journal={Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science},
 pages={629--640},
 year={2010},
 publisher={Springer}
}

Manuscripts


@PHDTHESIS{phd,
 author = {Strozecki, Yann},
 title = {Enumeration Complexity: Incremental Time, Delay and
Space},
 school = {Universit\'e de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines},
 year = {2021}
}

This thesis is made of two parts, on the one hand the study of enumeration algorithms and their complexity and in the other hand the model checking of Monadic second order properties over decomposable matroids. The enumeration is studied first from a structural point of view: natural complexity classes are defined and their relation studied. We also try to explain the effect of ordering in enumeration and of some set operations over the solutions. Then, we present several algorithms to enumerate the monomials of polynomials given either as black boxes or circuits. They can be used to solve more classical combinatoric problems such as the enumeration of spanning hypertrees of a 3-uniform hypergraph. In the second part, we present an alternative tree decomposition of representable matroids of bounded branch-width. It enables to locally express the dependency property and thus to give a linear time algorithm to check MSO properties over these structures. We also obtain a linear delay enumeration algorithm of the objects definable in MSO, such as the circuits of a matroid. This decomposition can easily extended to other classes and even by further abstraction to hypergaphs.

Yann Strozecki

Working Papers and Submitted Papers

Published Papers

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Manuscripts

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Some presentations given about my works

Miscellaneous